Sinclair X-10 PWM audio amplifier


The Sinclair X10 (c1965) used the PWM or class D method of audio amplification,
but from some reports, many units sold weren't too reliable.
The X-10 had been designed by Cambridge Consultants using an idea
first propounded in Wireless World February 1963
It had been designed as a 2.5 watt r.m.s. amplifier.
2.5 watts r.m.s. is a peak power of 5 watts - the figure given to Clive Sinclair.
But there was a misunderstanding -
Clive thought this was the r.m.s. value so doubled it!
The amplifier couldn't deliver the specification 10 watts
and the distortion was more than the <0.1% claimed.

Schematic redraft:



Instruction manual, click to enlarge:-


Sinclair X20 audio amplifier
Link: Class D audio amplifiers

� 3Q 2018